WhatsApp API untuk Node.js: Tutorial Lengkap

Node.js + WhatsApp API = Powerful combination!

JavaScript developer? Artikel ini untuk kamu.

Saya akan tunjukkan cara implementasi WhatsApp API dengan Node.js — dari setup sampai bot yang fully functional.

Library Options

Unofficial Libraries:

Official (Cloud API):

Tidak ada library khusus — gunakan axios atau node-fetch untuk HTTP requests.

Tutorial 1: Baileys (Unofficial)

Step 1: Setup Project

bash

mkdir wa-bot
cd wa-bot
npm init -y
npm install @whiskeysockets/baileys qrcode-terminal

Step 2: Basic Connection

index.js:

javascript

const { default: makeWASocket, 
        DisconnectReason, 
        useMultiFileAuthState } = require('@whiskeysockets/baileys');
const qrcode = require('qrcode-terminal');

async function connectToWhatsApp() {
    // Load saved session (if exists)
    const { state, saveCreds } = await useMultiFileAuthState('auth_info');
    
    const sock = makeWASocket({
        auth: state,
        printQRInTerminal: true
    });
    
    // Save credentials when updated
    sock.ev.on('creds.update', saveCreds);
    
    // Handle connection updates
    sock.ev.on('connection.update', (update) => {
        const { connection, lastDisconnect, qr } = update;
        
        if (qr) {
            // Display QR code
            qrcode.generate(qr, { small: true });
        }
        
        if (connection === 'close') {
            const shouldReconnect = lastDisconnect?.error?.output?.statusCode !== DisconnectReason.loggedOut;
            
            if (shouldReconnect) {
                connectToWhatsApp(); // Reconnect
            }
        } else if (connection === 'open') {
            console.log('✅ Connected to WhatsApp!');
        }
    });
    
    return sock;
}

connectToWhatsApp();

Step 3: Send Message

javascript

async function sendMessage(sock, to, message) {
    // Format nomor: [email protected]
    const jid = to.includes('@') ? to : `${to}@s.whatsapp.net`;
    
    await sock.sendMessage(jid, { text: message });
    console.log(`✅ Sent to ${to}: ${message}`);
}

// Usage
const sock = await connectToWhatsApp();
await sendMessage(sock, '6281234567890', 'Hello from Node.js!');

Step 4: Send Media

javascript

const fs = require('fs');

// Send Image
async function sendImage(sock, to, imagePath, caption = '') {
    const jid = `${to}@s.whatsapp.net`;
    
    await sock.sendMessage(jid, {
        image: fs.readFileSync(imagePath),
        caption: caption
    });
}

// Send Document
async function sendDocument(sock, to, filePath, filename) {
    const jid = `${to}@s.whatsapp.net`;
    
    await sock.sendMessage(jid, {
        document: fs.readFileSync(filePath),
        fileName: filename,
        mimetype: 'application/pdf' // adjust based on file type
    });
}

// Send from URL
async function sendImageFromUrl(sock, to, url, caption = '') {
    const jid = `${to}@s.whatsapp.net`;
    
    await sock.sendMessage(jid, {
        image: { url: url },
        caption: caption
    });
}

Step 5: Receive Messages & Auto-Reply

javascript

sock.ev.on('messages.upsert', async (m) => {
    const msg = m.messages[0];
    
    // Ignore status updates
    if (!msg.message) return;
    
    // Get sender info
    const sender = msg.key.remoteJid;
    const isGroup = sender.endsWith('@g.us');
    
    // Get message content
    const messageContent = msg.message.conversation || 
                          msg.message.extendedTextMessage?.text || 
                          '';
    
    console.log(`📩 From ${sender}: ${messageContent}`);
    
    // Auto-reply logic
    const lowerMsg = messageContent.toLowerCase();
    
    if (lowerMsg === 'halo' || lowerMsg === 'hi') {
        await sock.sendMessage(sender, {
            text: 'Halo! 👋 Ada yang bisa dibantu?'
        });
    }
    
    if (lowerMsg === 'menu') {
        await sock.sendMessage(sender, {
            text: `📋 MENU:
            
1. INFO - Informasi toko
2. PRODUK - Lihat produk
3. ORDER - Cara order
4. CS - Chat dengan admin

Ketik sesuai pilihan!`
        });
    }
});

Step 6: Full Bot Example

javascript

const { default: makeWASocket, 
        DisconnectReason, 
        useMultiFileAuthState } = require('@whiskeysockets/baileys');

async function startBot() {
    const { state, saveCreds } = await useMultiFileAuthState('auth');
    
    const sock = makeWASocket({
        auth: state,
        printQRInTerminal: true
    });
    
    sock.ev.on('creds.update', saveCreds);
    
    sock.ev.on('connection.update', (update) => {
        const { connection, lastDisconnect } = update;
        
        if (connection === 'close') {
            const shouldReconnect = lastDisconnect?.error?.output?.statusCode !== DisconnectReason.loggedOut;
            if (shouldReconnect) startBot();
        } else if (connection === 'open') {
            console.log('🤖 Bot is online!');
        }
    });
    
    // Message handler
    sock.ev.on('messages.upsert', async ({ messages }) => {
        const msg = messages[0];
        if (!msg.message || msg.key.fromMe) return;
        
        const sender = msg.key.remoteJid;
        const text = msg.message.conversation || 
                    msg.message.extendedTextMessage?.text || '';
        
        await handleMessage(sock, sender, text.toLowerCase());
    });
}

async function handleMessage(sock, sender, text) {
    const replies = {
        'halo': 'Halo! Selamat datang! Ketik MENU untuk lihat pilihan.',
        'menu': `📋 MENU:\n1. KATALOG\n2. HARGA\n3. ORDER\n4. CS`,
        'katalog': '📦 Katalog kami:\n- Produk A: Rp 100k\n- Produk B: Rp 150k',
        'harga': '💰 Daftar harga:\n- Produk A: Rp 100k\n- Produk B: Rp 150k',
        'order': '🛒 Untuk order, kirim:\nNama:\nAlamat:\nPesanan:',
        'cs': '📞 Admin akan segera membalas!'
    };
    
    const reply = replies[text];
    
    if (reply) {
        await sock.sendMessage(sender, { text: reply });
    } else {
        await sock.sendMessage(sender, { 
            text: 'Maaf, saya tidak mengerti. Ketik MENU untuk bantuan.' 
        });
    }
}

startBot();

Tutorial 2: Cloud API (Official)

Step 1: Setup Project

bash

mkdir wa-cloud-api
cd wa-cloud-api
npm init -y
npm install axios express

Step 2: Send Message

javascript

const axios = require('axios');

const PHONE_NUMBER_ID = 'YOUR_PHONE_NUMBER_ID';
const ACCESS_TOKEN = 'YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN';

async function sendMessage(to, message) {
    try {
        const response = await axios.post(
            `https://graph.facebook.com/v17.0/${PHONE_NUMBER_ID}/messages`,
            {
                messaging_product: 'whatsapp',
                to: to,
                type: 'text',
                text: { body: message }
            },
            {
                headers: {
                    'Authorization': `Bearer ${ACCESS_TOKEN}`,
                    'Content-Type': 'application/json'
                }
            }
        );
        
        console.log('✅ Message sent:', response.data);
        return response.data;
    } catch (error) {
        console.error('❌ Error:', error.response?.data || error.message);
        throw error;
    }
}

// Usage
sendMessage('6281234567890', 'Hello from Cloud API!');

Step 3: Send Template Message

javascript

async function sendTemplateMessage(to, templateName, languageCode = 'en_US') {
    const response = await axios.post(
        `https://graph.facebook.com/v17.0/${PHONE_NUMBER_ID}/messages`,
        {
            messaging_product: 'whatsapp',
            to: to,
            type: 'template',
            template: {
                name: templateName,
                language: { code: languageCode }
            }
        },
        {
            headers: {
                'Authorization': `Bearer ${ACCESS_TOKEN}`,
                'Content-Type': 'application/json'
            }
        }
    );
    
    return response.data;
}

// Usage
sendTemplateMessage('6281234567890', 'hello_world');

Step 4: Webhook to Receive Messages

javascript

const express = require('express');
const app = express();

app.use(express.json());

const VERIFY_TOKEN = 'your_verify_token';

// Webhook verification
app.get('/webhook', (req, res) => {
    const mode = req.query['hub.mode'];
    const token = req.query['hub.verify_token'];
    const challenge = req.query['hub.challenge'];
    
    if (mode === 'subscribe' && token === VERIFY_TOKEN) {
        console.log('✅ Webhook verified!');
        res.status(200).send(challenge);
    } else {
        res.sendStatus(403);
    }
});

// Receive messages
app.post('/webhook', async (req, res) => {
    const body = req.body;
    
    if (body.object === 'whatsapp_business_account') {
        for (const entry of body.entry) {
            for (const change of entry.changes) {
                if (change.value.messages) {
                    const message = change.value.messages[0];
                    const from = message.from;
                    const text = message.text?.body || '';
                    
                    console.log(`📩 From ${from}: ${text}`);
                    
                    // Auto-reply
                    if (text.toLowerCase() === 'halo') {
                        await sendMessage(from, 'Halo! Ada yang bisa dibantu?');
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    res.sendStatus(200);
});

app.listen(3000, () => {
    console.log('🚀 Webhook server running on port 3000');
});

Best Practices

1. Environment Variables

javascript

// .env
PHONE_NUMBER_ID=your_phone_id
ACCESS_TOKEN=your_token
VERIFY_TOKEN=your_verify_token

// app.js
require('dotenv').config();

const PHONE_NUMBER_ID = process.env.PHONE_NUMBER_ID;
const ACCESS_TOKEN = process.env.ACCESS_TOKEN;

2. Error Handling

javascript

async function sendMessageSafe(to, message) {
    try {
        await sendMessage(to, message);
    } catch (error) {
        console.error('Failed to send message:', error);
        // Log to monitoring service
        // Retry logic if needed
    }
}

3. Rate Limiting

javascript

const rateLimiter = {
    queue: [],
    processing: false,
    
    add(task) {
        this.queue.push(task);
        this.process();
    },
    
    async process() {
        if (this.processing || this.queue.length === 0) return;
        
        this.processing = true;
        const task = this.queue.shift();
        
        await task();
        await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 1000)); // 1 msg/second
        
        this.processing = false;
        this.process();
    }
};

// Usage
rateLimiter.add(() => sendMessage('628xxx', 'Hello'));

FAQ

Library Node.js mana yang terbaik untuk WhatsApp API?

Untuk unofficial: Baileys (@whiskeysockets/baileys) paling aktif maintained dan punya multi-device support. Untuk official: gunakan axios atau node-fetch untuk Cloud API HTTP calls. Pilih berdasarkan kebutuhan — unofficial untuk testing/personal, official untuk production.

Apakah perlu server untuk menjalankan WhatsApp bot Node.js?

Ya, untuk bot yang always-on. Opsi hosting: VPS (DigitalOcean, Vultr ~$5/bulan), cloud platform (Railway, Render — free tier available), atau serverless (Vercel, AWS Lambda — untuk Cloud API webhooks). Untuk testing, bisa jalankan di local machine.

Bagaimana handle reconnection jika bot disconnect?

Baileys support auto-reconnect dan session persistence. Simpan credentials ke file/database menggunakan useMultiFileAuthState, load saat startup. Implement connection.update event handler untuk detect disconnect dan trigger reconnect otomatis.

Kesimpulan

Node.js = Platform ideal untuk WhatsApp bot!

Quick Reference:

Starter Code:

bash

# Baileys (Unofficial)
npm install @whiskeysockets/baileys qrcode-terminal

# Cloud API (Official)
npm install axios express dotenv

Happy coding! 🚀

Atau Coba No-Code Solution — Gratis! →

Artikel Terkait

• Baileys WhatsApp API: Library Node.js Populer
• WhatsApp API Webhook: Terima Pesan Real-time
• WhatsApp API untuk Python: Library & Contoh
• WhatsApp API + ChatGPT: Buat Bot AI Sendiri